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CHRISTIAN LILJE

TitleProfessor
InstitutionBaylor College of Medicine
DepartmentDepartment of Pediatrics
Address6621 FANNIN
Houston, TX 77030
Email
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse education and training
    Albert-Ludwigs University, School of Medicine, Freiburg, GermanyMD05/1992Medicine
    Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DCSpecial Studies04/1989Biomedical Ethics
    Albert-Ludwigs University, Children’s Hospital, Freiburg, Germany Residency01/1997Pediatrics
    Albert-Ludwigs University, Children’s Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University, Children’s Hospital Freiburg, GermanyFellowship10/1997Pediatric Cardiology
    University of Hamburg, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany Fellowship01/1999Pediatric Cardiology
    Tulane University, Hospital for Children, New Orleans, LA Fellowship12/2004Pediatric Cardiology
    Collapse awards and honors
    1988 - 1989Scholarship, Fulbright Foundation
    1987 - 1992Scholarship, German National Merit Foundation
    2002Poster Prize, European Society of Cardiology
    2003 - 2004America's Registry of Outstanding Professionals, Strathmore
    2005Travel Award for outstanding fellowship achievements, American College of Cardiology/ BMS
    2006 - 2011WHO’s WHO science and engineering, Marquis
    2007 - 2010Outstanding Scientists of the 21st Century, Internatl. Biographical Centre
    2008 - 2020WHO’s WHO in the World, Marquis
    2009WHO’s WHO in America (shortlist), Marquis
    2010WHO's WHO in Medicine Higher Education, AcademicKeys
    2010 - 20202000 Outstanding Intellectuals of the 21st Century, Internatl. Biographical Centre
    2010 - 2020Dictionary of International Biography, Internatl. Biographical Centre
    2010International Peace Prize, United Cultural Convention
    2011 - 2021Leading Physicians of the World – Doctors of Excellence, International Assoc. of Healthcare Professionals
    2011www.SuperDoctors.com, www.SuperDoctors.com
    2012Teaching Award (Nominee), Aesculapian Society, Louisiana State University Health, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
    20121st price (Poster) for mentored student Jeffrey Cardinale, Louisiana State University Health, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
    2012International Dictionary of Professionals, American Biographical Institute
    2013Best Poster (Pediatrics) for mentored student Jeffrey Cardinale, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
    2014Best Poster (Fellows/ Postgraduates) for mentored fellow Siddhart Patel, Louisiana State University Health, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
    20142nd price (Poster) for mentored fellow Siddhart Patel, American College of Cardiology (LA Chapter)
    2014Dean’s Research Award (2nd prize) for mentored student Julie Cronanfor , Louisiana State University Health, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
    2014The Best Pediatricians and Specialists in New Orleans, www.NewOrleansMomsBlog.com
    2015Trainee Travel Award for mentored student Elizabeth Owers, SSPR/ Academic Pediatric Association
    2015 - 2021America’s Best Physicians, National Consumer Advisory Board
    2017Who's Who, Marquis
    2017 - 2018Top Cardiologist in New Orleans, LA, International Assoc. of Cardiologists
    2018Cardiovascular Case Report Award for co-mentored resident Rachel E Herdes, SSPR/ Academic Pediatric Association
    2020Top Investigator Award for co-mentored fellow Chris Wilkinson, American Society of Echocardiography
    2021President’s Circle ePoster Presentation for Co-Author Aura Sanchez, American Society of Echocardiography
    2022Fellow, American Society of Echocardiography
    2023 - 2023Ambulatory Practitioner Award for Excellence in Patient Experience, Texas Children's Hospital

    Collapse Overview 

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse research activities and funding
    H-51513     (Saleh Bahr)Mar 24, 2022 - Mar 23, 2027

    Review of organ complications after stem cell transplantation
    Role: Co-Investigator
    H-46790     (Shagun Sachdeva)Jan 5, 2022

    Role of 3D echocardiography in anatomic and functional cardiac assessment in congenital and acquired heart disease
    Role: Co-Investigator
    H-37361     (Tam Doan)Aug 3, 2021 - Aug 2, 2026
    Fetal Heart Society
    Fetal cardiology, fetal cardiac imaging, and associated prenatal and postnatal outcomes
    Role: Co-Investigator
    H-47391     (Sanchez Mejia AA)Mar 16, 2021 - Mar 15, 2026

    Assessment of cardiovascular effects of pediatric cancer treatment at Texas Children’s Hospital
    Role: Co-Investigator
    H-41083     (Christian Lilje)Mar 4, 2021 - Mar 3, 2026

    Atrial strain in children at risk for cardiac dysfunction
    Role: PI
    FHS-1     (Shaji Menon)Nov 1, 2015
    Fetal Heart Society
    Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum
    Role: Site PI for multicenter study
    8761     (Christian Lilje)Jun 16, 2015

    Deformation analysis of Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy (NCC) in children
    Role: PI
    8525     (Christian Lilje)Aug 23, 2014

    Risk assessment in Non-Compaction Cardiomvopathy INCC) in children
    Role: PI
    NHLBI T35     (Paula Gregory)Jun 1, 2013 - May 30, 2017
    NHLBI
    Summer Research Internship Program
    Role Description: Introducing Med Students to and Mentoring them during clinical research
    Role: Co-Investigator
    N/A     (Christian Lilje)Jun 1, 2013 - May 30, 2015
    Intramural research grant program, Louisiana State University Health, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
    Arterial Intima-Media Thickness and Glucose-Independent Protein Glycation in Children and Adolescents with Diabetes
    Role Description: We investigated Arterial Intima-Media Thickness and Glucose-Independent Protein Glycation as markers of cardio-vascular health in Children and Adolescents with Diabetes
    Role: PI
    N/A     (Christian Lilje)May 1, 2007
    Actelion Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
    Conference and travel grant
    Role Description: To share and discuss new therapeutic agents for PHTN in pediatrics
    Role: PI
    N/A     (Christian Lilje)Oct 1, 2006
    University-Heart Center Support group, Hamburg, Germany
    3D Echo in pediatric congenital and acquired heart disease
    Role Description: The grant allowed us to purchase a 3D Echo system to assess the potential benefit the management of pediatric congenital and acquired heart disease
    Role: PI
    N/A     (Christian Lilje)Aug 1, 2002
    Herz-Kinderhilfe Hamburg eV, Hamburg, Germany
    Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium in pediatrics
    Role Description: To assess prevalence and outcome of noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium in a pediatric population
    Role: PI
    N/A     (Christian Lilje)May 1, 2001
    Dade Behring, Liederbach, Germany
    Myocardial injury after pediatric cardiac catheterization by troponin
    Role Description: Clinical research study to assess frequency and degree of myocardial injury after pediatric cardiac catheterization by troponin assays and other markers
    Role: PI
    N/A     (Christian Lilje)Jun 1, 2000 - May 30, 2002
    Unilever Foundation, Hamburg, Germany
    Oxidative imbalance in children and adolescents
    Role Description: Clinical research study to assess the pro-/ antioxidative imbalance and endothelial function in children and adolescents at cardio-vascular risk
    Role: PI
    N/A     (Christian Lilje)Apr 1, 1998
    De Wohlt Foundation, Hamburg, Germany
    Endothelial function in children and adolescents
    Role Description: Clinical research study to non-invasively assess endothelial function in children and adolescents at cardio-vascular risk
    Role: PI
    N/A     (Christian Lilje)Oct 1, 1995
    Hoffman-La Roche Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
    Clinical Ethics Consultation
    Role Description: Establishing and Educating Clinical Ethics Committees and Consultation Services
    Role: PI
    N/A     (Christian Lilje)Sep 1, 1995
    Beringer Foundation/ Scientific Society, Freiburg, Germany
    Clinical Ethics Consultation
    Role Description: Establishing and Educating Clinical Ethics Committees and Consultation Services
    Role: PI
    N/A     (Christian Lilje)Sep 1, 1992
    Nuss Foundation, Freiburg, Germany
    Clinical Ethics Consultation
    Role Description: Dissertation
    Role: PI
    N/A     (Christian Lilje)Sep 1, 1990
    Landeck Foundation, Freiburg, Germany
    Clinical Ethics Consultation
    Role Description: Dissertation
    Role: PI

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
    Newest   |   Oldest   |   Most Cited   |   Most Discussed   |   Timeline   |   Field Summary   |   Plain Text
    PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Sanchez Mejia AA, Pignatelli RH, Rainusso N, Lilje C, Sachdeva S, Tunuguntla HP, Doan TT, Gandhi AA, Walters NC, Trajtenberg DP, Loar RW. Correlating decline in left ventricular ejection fraction and longitudinal strain in pediatric cancer patients. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023 Apr; 39(4):747-755. PMID: 36543913.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    2. Wilkinson JC, Colquitt JL, Doan TT, Liu AM, Lilje CG, Denfield SW, Pignatelli RH, Loar RW. Global Longitudinal Strain Analysis of the Single Right Ventricle: Leveling the Playing Field. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2022 06; 35(6):657-663. PMID: 35271990.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    3. Vasudeva R, Bhatt P, Lilje C, Desai P, Amponsah J, Umscheid J, Parmar N, Bhatt N, Adupa R, Pagad S, Agrawal P, Donda K, Dapaah-Siakwan F, Yagnik P. Trends in Acute Myocarditis Related Pediatric Hospitalizations in the United States, 2007-2016. Am J Cardiol. 2021 06 15; 149:95-102. PMID: 33757784.
      Citations: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    4. Loar RW, Colquitt JL, Rainusso NC, Gramatges MM, Liu AM, Noel CV, Tunuguntla HP, Lilje C, Pignatelli RH. Assessing the left atrium of childhood cancer survivors. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021 Jan; 37(1):155-162. PMID: 32803485.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    5. Desai P, Guerra VC, LILJE C. Isolated congenital right atrial aneurysm – monitoring parameters for asymptomatic patients. World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery. 2020; 4(11):NP7-NP10.
    6. Chau AC, Jones A, Sutherland M, Lilje C, Sernich S, Hagan J, Miller J. Characteristics of Isolated Ventricular Septal Defects Less Likely to Close In Utero. J Ultrasound Med. 2018 Aug; 37(8):1891-1898. PMID: 29392755.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    7. LILJE C, Cronan JC, Schwartzenburg EJ, Owers EM, Clesi P, Gomez R, Stender S, Vargas A, Hempe J, Chalew SA, Cardinale JP. Intima-Media Thickness at different arterial segments in pediatric type 1 diabetes patients and its relationship with Advanced Glycation End Products. Pediatric Diabetes. 2018; 3(19):450-456. View Publication.
    8. LILJE C, Chauhan A, Turner JP, Carson TH, Velez MC, Arcement C, Caspi J. Pediatric pulmonary embolism – diagnostic and management challenges. World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery. 2018; 1(9):110-113. View Publication.
    9. Thompson D, Patrick-Esteve J, Surcouf JW, Rivera D, Castellanos B, Desai P, Lilje C, Lacassie Y, Marble M, Zambrano R. RAF1 variants causing biventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in two preterm infants: further phenotypic delineation and review of literature. Clin Dysmorphol. 2017 Oct; 26(4):195-199. PMID: 28777121.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    10. Lilje C, Harry J, Gajewski KK, Gardner RV. A modified noninvasive screening protocol for pulmonary hypertension in children with sickle cell disease-Who should be sent for invasive evaluation? Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2017 Nov; 64(11). PMID: 28475298.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic HealthCTClinical Trials
    11. Avula S, Nguyen TM, Marble M, Lilje C. Cardiac response to enzyme replacement therapy in infantile Pompe disease with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Echocardiography. 2017 Apr; 34(4):621-624. PMID: 28266734.
      Citations: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    12. Desai P, Guerra VC, Lilje C. Isolated Congenital Right Atrial Aneurysm: Monitoring Parameters for Asymptomatic Patients. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2020 Jul; 11(4):NP7-NP10. PMID: 28036232.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    13. Zambrano RM, Marble M, Chalew SA, Lilje C, Vargas A, Lacassie Y. Further evidence that variants in PPP1CB cause a rasopathy similar to Noonan syndrome with loose anagen hair. Am J Med Genet A. 2017 02; 173(2):565-567. PMID: 27868344.
      Citations: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    14. Lilje C, Paredes AM. Abnormal Origin of one Pulmonary Artery from the Ascending Aorta-Embryologic Considerations. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2016; 35(3):209-12. PMID: 27115791.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    15. LILJE C, Mallula K, Ward K, Congeni J. Shortness of Breath and Headaches. Consultant for Pediatricians. 2016; 6(15):363-365. View Publication.
    16. Chauhan A, Arcement C, Gajewski KK, LILJE C. Delayed congenital diaphragmatic hernia with complex cardiac and gastrointestinal defects. Consultant for Pediatricians. 2016; 12(15):583-585.
    17. LILJE C, Mallula K, Ward K, Congeni J. Shortness of Breath and Headaches. Consultant for Pediatricians. 2016; 6(15):363-365.
    18. Chauhan A, Arcement C, Gajewski KK, LILJE C. Delayed congenital diaphragmatic hernia with complex cardiac and gastrointestinal defects. Consultant for Pediatricians. 2016; 12(15):583-585.
    19. Paredes AM, Caspi J, Lilje C. Tetralogy of Fallot and anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta associated with absent right internal carotid artery. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2015 Apr; 6(2):324-7. PMID: 25870359.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    20. Hraska V, Lilje C, Photiadis J, Fink C, Asfour B, Lacour-Gayet F, Schneider MB, Haun C, Kantorov? A. Ross-konno procedure in children: midterm results. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2010 Apr; 1(1):28-33. PMID: 23804720.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    
    21. Lilje C, Thiel C, Weil J, Schrum J, Stork A. Non-surgical management of advanced cardiac lymphoma. J Pediatr. 2008 Mar; 152(3):440. PMID: 18280857.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    22. Kantorova A, Zbieranek K, Sauer H, Lilje C, Haun C, Hraska V. Primary early correction of tetralogy of Fallot irrespective of age. Cardiol Young. 2008 Apr; 18(2):153-7. PMID: 18252030.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    23. Lilje C, Weil J, L? TP, R?zek V. Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography for follow-up of Waterston shunt. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008 Apr; 21(4):408.e3. PMID: 17919886.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    24. Lilje C, Weil J, R?zek V. Double discordance in the hypoplastic left heart. Pediatr Cardiol. 2008 May; 29(3):688-9. PMID: 17912477.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Lilje C, Ntalakoura K, Weil J, L? TP, Lacour-Gayet F. Noninvasive follow-up of complications after the Takeuchi operation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007 Dec; 20(12):1415.e3-4. PMID: 17628413.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    26. Lilje C, Finger LJ, Ascuitto RJ. Complete unilateral leg duplication with ipsilateral renal agenesis. Acta Paediatr. 2007 Mar; 96(3):464-5. PMID: 17407482.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    27. Weiss F, Ntalakoura K, Weil J, Lilje C, Lacour-Gayet F, R?zek V, L? TP. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Double-outlet left ventricle. Circulation. 2007 Jan 23; 115(3):e36-7. PMID: 17242287.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    28. LILJE C, Krug I, Hildebrandt F, Brandis M. [How I felt about it: thoughts on a consultation]. Monatsschrift für Kinderheilkunde. 2007; Suppl1(155):37-38. View Publication.
    29. LILJE C, Rázek V, Joyce JJ, Rau T, Finckh BF, Weiss F, Habermann CR, Rice JC, Weil J. The chronic heart failure is not so frequent in non-compaction: reply. European Heart Journal. 2007; 10(28):1269-1270. View Publication.
    30. LILJE C, Rázek V, Joyce JJ, Rau T, Finckh BF, Weiss F, Habermann CR, Rice JC, Weil J. Myopathic background of non-compaction in children: reply. European Heart Journal. 2007; 1(28):139-140. View Publication.
    31. Joyce JJ, Rau T, Finckh BF, Weiss F, Habermann CR, Rice JC, Weil J, Lilje C, R?zek V. Complications of non-compaction of the left ventricular myocardium in a paediatric population: a prospective study. Eur Heart J. 2006 Aug; 27(15):1855-60. PMID: 16818458.
      Citations: 18     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    32. Lilje C, Weiss F, Lacour-Gayet F, Ntalakoura K, Weil J, R?zek V. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Complete ectopia cordis. Circulation. 2006 May 16; 113(19):e757-8. PMID: 16702476.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    33. Lilje C, Weil J, R?zek V, Sch?fer H. Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium. J Pediatr. 2006 Apr; 148(4):562. PMID: 16647426.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    34. Mir TS, Haun C, Lilje C, Weil J, L?er S. Utility of N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide plasma concentrations in comparison to lactate and troponin in children with congenital heart disease following open-heart surgery. Pediatr Cardiol. 2006 Mar-Apr; 27(2):209-16. PMID: 16391984.
      Citations: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    35. Lilje C, Weiss F, Weil J. Detection of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection by magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Cardiol. 2005 Jul-Aug; 26(4):490-1. PMID: 15690235.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    36. Lilje C, Joyce JJ. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Giant coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease. Circulation. 2005 Jun 21; 111(24):e440. PMID: 15967855.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    37. Habermann CR, Lilje C, Nimz M, Rasek V, Dallmeyer J, Stork A, Graessner J, Weil J, Adam G, Weiss F. [MRI of pulmonary arteries in follow-up after arterial-switch-operation (ASO) for transposition of great arteries (d-TGA)]. Rofo. 2005 Jun; 177(6):849-55. PMID: 15902635.
      Citations: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    38. Lilje C, Weiss F, Weil J. Non-invasive follow up of an atrial septal defect device occlusion. Heart. 2005 Apr; 91(4):464. PMID: 15772200; PMCID: PMC1768834.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    39. Lilje C, Habermann CR, Weil J. Magnetic resonance imaging follow up of total cavopulmonary connection. Heart. 2005 Mar; 91(3):395. PMID: 15710739; PMCID: PMC1768761.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    40. Habermann CR, Lilje C, Weil J, Adam G, Weiss F. [MRI of congenital heart disease in childhood]. Rofo. 2004 Feb; 176(2):191-9. PMID: 14872372.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    41. Lilje C, Greiner P, Riede UN, Sontheimer J, Brandis M. Dieulafoy lesion in a one-year-old child. J Pediatr Surg. 2004 Jan; 39(1):133-4. PMID: 14694393.
      Citations: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    42. Habermann CR, Lilje C, Razek W, Sievers J, Weil J, Adam G, Weiss F. [MRI in the diagnosis of non-compacted ventricular myocardium (NCVM) compared to echocardiography]. Rofo. 2003 Sep; 175(9):1214-9. PMID: 12964076.
      Citations: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    43. Schmidt GN, Burmeister MA, Lilje C, Wappler F, Bischoff P. Acute heart failure during spinal surgery in a boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Br J Anaesth. 2003 Jun; 90(6):800-4. PMID: 12765898.
      Citations: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    44. Habermann CR, Lilje C, Sasse K, Weil J, Adam G, Weiss F, K?hne T. [MRI in postoperative assessment of univentricular heart disease: correlation with echocardiography and angiography]. Rofo. 2002 Dec; 174(12):1537-43. PMID: 12471526.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    45. Lilje CG, Heinen F, Krug I, Brandis M, Laubenberger J. Benign course of central pontine myelinolysis in a patient with anorexia nervosa. Pediatr Neurol. 2002 Aug; 27(2):132-5. PMID: 12213614.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    46. Lilje C, Wilhelm C, Gildein HP. Congenital aneurysm of the descending aorta in a neonate. Am J Cardiol. 1999 Aug 15; 84(4):491-2, A10. PMID: 10468100.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    47. Germeroth O, Lilje C, Wildberg A, Mocellin R, Gildein HP, Kr?ger M. [Interventional occlusion of persistent ductus arteriosus Botalli with Gianturco spirals]. Z Kardiol. 1999 Jul; 88(7):514-20. PMID: 10467651.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    48. LILJE C, Wilhelm C, Gildein HP. Congenital aneurysm of the descending aorta in a neonate. American Journal of Cardiology. 1999; 4(84):491-492[A10]. View Publication.
    49. Sauter S, Hinkelbein W, Korinthenberg R, Niemeyer C, Lilje C. [Severe neuropathy after chemo- and radiotherapy of Ewing sarcoma]. Klin Padiatr. 1995 Jul-Aug; 207(4):204-6. PMID: 7564152.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    50. LILJE C. Klinische 'ethics consultation' in den USA: Hintergründe, Denkstile und Praxis [Clinical ethics consultation in the US: theory and practice]. Medizin in Recht und Ethik [Medicine in law and ethics], Vol 31. 1995; 1-263. View Publication.
    51. Lilje C. Ethics consultation: a dangerous, antidemocratic charlatanry? Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 1993; 2(4):438-42. PMID: 11643218.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    52. LILJE C. Methodische Grundlagen ethischer Handlungsbegründung im Rahmen der US-amerikanischen 'Bioethics' [Decision-making in US-bioethics]. In Schubert-Lehnhardt V (ed.). Ethik in der Medizin und Biotechnologie. 1991; 14-18.
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